With his army making advances in Ukraine and his political grip tightened at home after securing an unprecedented fifth term as president, Vladimir V. Putin of Russia arrived in Beijing on Thursday in search of another win: more support from his “dear friend,” Xi Jinping.
随着他的军队在乌克兰向前推进，以及史无前例地获得了第五个总统任期后加强了对国内政治的控制，俄罗斯总统普京周四抵达北京，寻求另一个胜利：从他“亲爱的朋友”习近平那里获得更多支持。
Mr. Putin, whose economy is isolated from the West because of sanctions over his invasion of Ukraine, relies on Mr. Xi, China’s leader, for diplomatic cover and a financial lifeline, including huge purchases of Russian oil.
普京发动入侵乌克兰的战争引发了制裁，俄罗斯经济与西方脱钩后，他依赖中国领导人习近平来提供外交避难所和金融生命线，包括中国从俄罗斯大量购买石油。
But Mr. Putin will need more help to sustain his war machine, especially now as his military makes a push near Kharkiv, Ukraine’s second-largest city, before billions of dollars’ worth of arms arrives from the United States to shore up Ukraine’s depleted forces.
但普京需要更多帮助来维持他的战争机器，尤其是在他的军队正向乌克兰第二大城市哈尔科夫推进的时候，俄军想在美国为支持乌克兰已经耗尽的军力向该国提供的价值数十亿美元的武器援助抵达之前取得进展。
In Beijing, Mr. Putin sought to show that Moscow was deepening its ties as a bulwark against Western attempts to contain the two countries. “We are working in solidarity on the formulation of a more just and democratic multipolar world order,” he said.
普京来北京是为了寻求表明莫斯科正在深化俄中关系，并以此作为抵御西方遏制两国企图的堡垒。“愿同中方继续密切战略协作，坚定相互支持，促进世界多极化和国际关系民主化进程，”他说。
He trumpeted China’s role as Russia’s number one trade partner, highlighted the use of the Russian ruble and the Chinese renminbi currency in the countries’ transactions, and said the sides would strengthen contacts between credit institutions and banks. He also said the leaders discussed working more closely in energy and nuclear power research, though made no mention of a proposed natural gas pipeline to China that Moscow would like to see built.
他称赞中国作为俄罗斯头号贸易伙伴所起的作用，还专门提到两国在贸易中使用俄罗斯卢布和人民币的做法，并说双方将加强两国信贷机构和银行之间的联系。他还表示，两国领导人讨论了在能源和核电研究方面的更密切合作，但没有提及莫斯科希望看到的修建通往中国的天然气管道项目。
Mr. Xi is committed to his partnership with Mr. Putin, regarding Russia as a critical counterweight to their common rival, the United States. The two leaders share a vision of an alternative world order where autocratic countries like China and Russia can operate free of interference from Washington and its allies.
习近平对与普京的伙伴关系坚定不移，他将俄罗斯视为制衡共同对手美国的重要力量。这两名领导人对另一种世界秩序有共同的愿景，在这种秩序中，像中国和俄罗斯这样的专制国家能在不受华盛顿及其盟友干预的情况下行事。
普京和习近平在北京检阅仪仗队，图片由俄罗斯官媒提供。The pomp and pageantry that greeted Mr. Putin in Beijing made clear the importance of that relationship and the leaders’ “no limits” strategic alignment. Mr. Xi welcomed Mr. Putin at the Great Hall of the People with a tightly choreographed ceremony featuring a 21-gun salute, a marching band, an honor guard and children jumping and waving in sync.
普京在北京受到的隆重接待清楚地表明了两国关系，以及两国领导人“无止境”战略联盟的重要性。习近平在人民大会堂外为普京举行了精心设计的欢迎仪式，包括21响礼炮、军乐队和仪仗队，以及同步挥手跳跃的儿童。
Mr. Xi hailed ties between their two countries as “a model for a new type of international relations and relations between neighboring major powers.” Key to the relationship, he said, was that the countries “always firmly support each other on issues involving each other’s core interests and major concerns.”
习近平称赞两国关系是“新型国际关系和相邻大国关系的典范”。他说，两国关系的关键在于“始终在涉及彼此核心利益和重大关切问题上相互坚定支持”。
The nations released a lengthy joint statement late Thursday that vowed deeper cooperation in a range of critical areas, including the space, military and energy sectors. The document also took particular aim at the United States, demonstrating how the world’s two most powerful autocratic powers are consolidating their alignment against a community of democracies dominated by Washington.
周四晚些时候，两国发表了一份长篇幅的联合声明，承诺要在一系列关键领域深化合作，包括太空、军事和能源领域。这份文件还特别将矛头对准了美国，表明世界上两个最强大的专制强国正在巩固它们的联盟，以对抗华盛顿主导的民主国家共同体。
The joint statement implicitly accused the United States and its allies of “pursuing confrontational policies and interfering in the internal affairs of other states, undermining the existing security architecture, creating new dividing lines between countries, provoking regional tension and promoting bloc confrontation.”
联合声明含蓄地指责美国及其盟国“采取对抗性政策和干涉他国内政，破坏现有安全架构，在国家间构筑‘小院高墙’，挑动地区紧张局势，鼓吹阵营对抗”。
The document also called on the United States not to arm its allies in Asia and Europe with intermediate range missile launchers, a move made possible after Washington withdrew from a treaty regulating the weapons in 2019, citing violations by Moscow.
该声明还呼吁美国不要向亚洲和欧洲的盟国提供中程导弹发射器，2019年华盛顿以莫斯科违反条约为由退出规范中程导弹武器的条约后，此举成为可能。
“The parties strongly condemn these extremely destabilizing steps, which pose a direct threat to the security of Russia and China, and intend to increase interaction and tighten coordination in order to counter Washington’s destructive and hostile move toward the so-called ‘dual containment’ of our countries,” the statement said.
声明称：“双方对上述极端破坏地区稳定、对中俄构成直接安全威胁的举措表示最强烈谴责，并将加强协调配合，应对美国对中俄非建设性、敌对的所谓‘双遏制’政策。”
“The signal is, ‘we are strong together,’” said Nadège Rolland, a scholar at the National Bureau of Asian Research. “Western sanctions may bite, but as long as China stands by Russia, the power of the West is limited, precisely because of their own interdependence.”
“（他们）发出的信号是，‘我们在一起则强大’，”国家亚洲研究局的学者纳德格·罗兰说。“西方制裁可能会产生不良影响，但只要中俄站在一起，西方的力量就是有限的，这正是因为两国间这种相互依赖的关系。”
Russia publicly reaffirmed its support for China over Taiwan, saying Moscow opposed “independence of Taiwan in any form.” China supported Russia’s efforts to ensure its “sovereignty and territorial integrity” and said it opposed “outside interference in Russia’s internal affairs” but stopped short of endorsing its actions in Ukraine.
俄罗斯公开重申在台湾问题上支持中国，称莫斯科反对 “任何形式的台湾独立”。中国支持俄罗斯为确保其“主权和领土完整”所做的努力，并表示反对“外界干涉俄罗斯内政”，但并没有明确支持它在乌克兰的行动。
普京和习近平及双方代表团举行会谈，图片由俄罗斯官媒提供。The two leaders were due to discuss the crisis in Ukraine over dinner late Thursday.
两位领导人原定于在周四晚些时候共进晚餐，讨论乌克兰危机。
Mr. Xi is under growing diplomatic and economic pressure from the West to curtail any support that aids Mr. Putin’s war on Ukraine.
习近平正面临来自西方越来越大的外交和经济压力，要求他限制任何支持普京俄乌战争的援助。
The United States has accused Beijing of aiding the Kremlin’s war efforts by providing satellite intelligence, fighter jet parts, microchips and other dual-use equipment. Senior American officials have warned of sanctions against Chinese banks and “significant consequences” for Chinese companies that assisted Russia’s war effort.
美国指责中国协助克里姆林宫的战争努力，做法包括向俄罗斯提供卫星情报、战斗机零部件、微芯片，及其他军民两用设备。美国高级官员警告，将对中国的银行实施制裁，让协助俄罗斯战争的中国公司“面临重大后果”。
The warnings appear to be having some effect. Russian media reported earlier this year that Chinese banks have scaled back transactions with Russian firms over concerns about secondary sanctions. The change is believed to have contributed to a fall in trade between Russia and China in March from the same period a year ago, the first such decline since January 2021, according to Chinese customs data.
警告似乎正在产生一些效果。俄罗斯媒体曾在今年早些时候报道称，出于对引发间接制裁的担忧，中国的银行已减少了与俄罗斯公司的交易。这一变化被认为是导致俄中贸易额今年3月与去年同期相比下降的原因，据中国海关的数据，这是自2021年1月以来首次下降。
Shi Yinhong, an international relations professor at Renmin University in Beijing, said finding a way to restore bank transactions and trade volume may be the summit’s “number one topic of discussion.”
北京中国人民大学国际关系学院教授时殷弘说，寻找办法恢复银行交易和贸易额可能是这次峰会“讨论的首要话题”。
Mr. Putin traveled with a sizable delegation that reflected the deepening economic and military cooperation he hoped to cement with Mr. Xi in the face of such pressure from the West. Included were Andrei R. Belousov, an economist who was named the new defense minister this week; Maksim Reshetnikov, the economy minister; and Sergey V. Lavrov, the foreign minister.
普京率领规模庞大的代表团访华，这反映出他希望在面临西方巨大压力的情况下与习近平深化经济和军事合作。代表团成员包括本周被任命为新国防部长的经济学家安德烈·别洛乌索夫、经济发展部长马克西姆·列舍特尼科夫，以及外交部长谢尔盖·拉夫罗夫。
Mr. Belousov has experience with China, having previously co-chaired a group formed in 2014 to promote more trade between the two countries.
别洛乌索夫拥有与中国打交道的经验，他曾担任一个2014年成立、旨在促进两国间更多贸易的小组的联合主席。
Others accompanying Mr. Putin included the heads of Rosatom, Russia’s nuclear power company, and Roscosmos, Russia’s space agency, as well as five deputy prime ministers.
陪同普京访华的还有俄罗斯国家原子能公司和俄罗斯航天局的负责人，以及五名联邦副总理。
普京和习近平周四在北京出席签字仪式，图片由俄罗斯官媒提供。这两名领导人的关系十分密切，他们已举行过40多次会晤。The makeup of Mr. Putin’s entourage suggested that the talks focused on military and space cooperation that could include how China can aid Russia’s military aims in Ukraine, said Alexander Gabuev, director of the Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center.
普京随行人员的构成说明，两国讨论的重点是军事和太空领域的合作，可能包括中国如何帮助俄罗斯在乌克兰实现军事目标，卡内基俄罗斯欧亚中心主任亚历山大·加布耶夫说。
“What this visit gives to Putin is this avenue to have one-on-one sincere conversations with the Chinese leader, brainstorming on strategy, and then bringing the most senior military-security teams together,” Mr. Gabuev said.
“这次访问将为普京提供机会与中国领导人进行一对一的真诚对话，在战略问题上集思广益，然后将两国最高级的军事和国家安全团队带到一起，”加布耶夫说。
Mr. Putin wants to find ways to circumvent sanctions and gain support with banking and the supply of parts, rather than ready-made lethal weapons, Mr. Gabuev said. Military-technological support, he said, seemed to be “a subject of very intensive discussions between the Russians and the Chinese.”
加布耶夫表示，普京想找到规避制裁的办法，并寻求得到银行和零部件供应方面的支持，而不是现成的致命武器。他说，军事技术方面的支持似乎是“俄中之间讨论非常深入的一个主题”。
Mr. Putin also called for greater economic cooperation, saying the two countries should prioritize energy, industry and agriculture, as well as advanced technologies, infrastructure construction and transportation. Chinese products, from electronics to cars, have filled the gap left by Western companies that quit the Russian market after the start of the war, allowing Mr. Putin to retain a semblance of consumer normalcy for his people despite Moscow’s isolation.
普京还呼吁加强经济合作，表示两国应优先发展能源、工业和农业，以及先进技术、基础设施建设和交通。俄乌战争爆发后，西方公司退出俄罗斯市场，而中国生产的产品——从电子设备到汽车，填补了西方产品走后留下的空白，让普京能在俄罗斯被孤立的情况下，为他的人民保留表面上的消费常态。
The Russia leader lauded the two countries’ use of rubles and renminbi to settle trade to circumvent U.S. restrictions on using dollars.
俄罗斯领导人赞扬两国在贸易结算上使用卢布和人民币的做法，这样做规避了美国对使用美元的限制。
“Despite some actions aimed at restraining our development — some actions on the part of third countries — trade turnover between Russia and China is increasing at a good pace,” Mr. Putin said, according to Russian state media.
“尽管有一些旨在限制我们发展的行动——第三国采取了一些行动，但俄罗斯和中国之间的贸易额仍在迅速增长，”俄罗斯官方媒体引用普京的话说。
“Our cooperation in world affairs today serves as one of the main stabilizing factors in the international arena,” he added.
“我们今天在国际事务方面的合作是国际舞台上的主要稳定因素之一，”他还说。
The two leaders, who have met over 40 times, including virtually, depicted their relationship as close. In a statement he read to reporters, Mr. Putin sought to show that he was both not isolated and fully in charge. He said that he and Mr. Xi were in frequent contact, enabling the leaders to “discuss any, even the most difficult problems.”
这两名领导人表示，他们的关系非常密切。双方见过40多次，包括视频会面。普京在向记者宣读的一份声明中试图表明，他并不孤立，而且完全掌握着一切。他说，他和习近平保持着频繁的接触，两国领导人能“讨论任何问题，甚至是最困难的问题”。
On Friday, Mr. Putin is scheduled to visit Harbin, a city in China’s northeast that for years was home to tens of thousands of ethnic Russians, many of whom were involved in railroad construction or fled to the city during the Russian Civil War.
普京计划于周五访问哈尔滨，这座位于中国东北的城市曾在很长时间里是数万名俄罗斯人的家园，这些人中的许多曾参与当地的铁路建设，也有不少是在俄罗斯内战期间逃来的。
With pointed symbolism, the Russian leader will visit the Harbin Institute of Technology, which boasts scientific exchange between Russians and Chinese dating back more than a century. The institute has become one of the most important military research universities in China, developing some of the technologies that the Kremlin may want, as Moscow and Beijing deepen their military cooperation, Mr. Gabuev said.
普京将访问哈尔滨工业大学，加布耶夫说，他的访问具有明确的象征意义，因为该校拥有逾一个世纪的俄中科学交流历史。这所大学已成为中国最重要的军事研究机构之一，其研发的一些技术可能是克里姆林宫在俄中深化军事合作的时候想要的东西。
The details of any agreements in that area are likely to be a top focus of the Kremlin and unlikely to be revealed in public, he added.
他还说，关于该领域的任何协议细节都可能是克里姆林宫关注的首要关注点，不太可能公开披露。
“The substance, the most important part, is hidden,” he said. “It is the underwater part of the iceberg.”
“最重要的实质部分被隐藏起来了，”他说。“它是冰山的水下部分。”